Genesis and Oedipus Rex Essay

As though peering into a glass of time, Genesis and Oedipus Rex appeared to have made me make a trip back through acknowledgment to cause me to reevaluate how I comprehended these early messages. At first, the two writings appear to share nothing for all intents and purpose. Beginning, as the term infers, discusses the start, concentrating on the creation fantasy and continuing to the tales about the main individuals of the world comprehensive of its family history and progress towards turning into a country. Oedipus Rex, then again, presents a scrap of a King’s life including his insights, fears, dynamic and activities. One is by all accounts exclusively about Theology and the other about governmental issues. I understood later however that both are entirely of a greater picture †the way of life of Western Civilization. Women’s job in Western Civilization is commonly constrained to home, maternal and family life. Sarai, for example, has the option to order her home. This was appeared in the part where Abraham told Sarai â€Å"Your house cleaner is in your capacity. Do to her whatever you please. † (Gen. 16: 6). Also, Jocasta’s entrance in Oedipus began as a way of placing request in the house. During this time, Creon and Oedipus were contending a direct result of Creon’s assumptive cases on the setback of their territory and the arrangements. Women’s job as spouse was underlined in Sarai’s powerlessness to consider. Focusing on this, represents another angle †the significance of kids in a family. It is evident that ladies should bear youngsters for their spouses and maybe it is this catastrophe that pushed Sarai to propose for Abraham to take Hagar, her house cleaner, and have kids through her. There were additionally various occurrences where Abraham asked God when Sarai would imagine a youngster demonstrating further how significant kids are for the â€Å"order of things† as well as for the family. In the event that you’ll likewise follow, when Hagar, pregnant of Ishmael, was sent away by Sarai, a blessed messenger exhorted Hagar to return. Afterward, when Abraham sent both Hagar and Ishmael away, God didn't just give and help Hagar and Ishmael endure the desert however as vowed to Abraham, favored Ishmael’s ages. God’s support in this image further declares the estimation of kids in â€Å"His structure. † For Jocasta, another part of a woman’s job as spouse was featured. Her’s centers around illuminating, enabling and offering encourage to her significant other at the hour of extraordinary uncertainty. This was appeared at the time Oedipus was concerned and before †when she surrendered the child Oedipus †to forestall her husband’s destiny. Ladies likewise have a job in governmental issues, yet this is restricted to their emblematic purposes. Jocasta is sovereign to both King Lauis and Oedipus, representing her nonstop dedication to her territory, to fill in as mother of the realm, as opposed to co-ruler. Much similarly as Sarai is called â€Å"mother of all nations,† for she is the spouse of Abraham, and from her, will spring the roots and ages to come. Men, then again, have a basic job in Western Civilization. During this time, society was profoundly man centric and men, through the characters, Abraham and Oedipus, reflect the way of life of their occasions, yet in addition, the contemplations and examples of ethical quality and mankind. First example was the means by which men treats ladies. Twice inside the example text of Genesis did Abraham present Sarai as his sister because of a paranoid fear of being slaughtered due to Sarai’s magnificence. From this we can accept that one’s spouse can be guaranteed by executing her better half, that a lady can be â€Å"won† or â€Å"taken† forcibly, else the event as well as rampancy of two-timing connections. Maybe it is thus that infidelity is known as a transgression and that any individual who submits such will get mishap †simply like what befell the place where there is Egypt and the place that is known for Gerar when the rulers took Sarai as their sovereign/spouse. It is somewhat unique in Oedipus in light of the fact that here, it is delineated that ladies can be passed starting with one ruler then onto the next, for Jocasta was the dead Lauis sovereign and was sovereign to Oedipus, the current lord. Despite the fact that there are different elements included, certainty remains that ladies can be passed on, as it seems fit. Second case was the manner by which men treats their country. In the tale of Sodom and Gommorah, Abraham considered the government assistance of the individuals that he took the boldness to in fact, deal with Yahweh †that the city must have some decency left in it, that it can't be crushed with the unwavering in it. From fifty individuals, he had the option to request that God save Sodom if there are 10 unwavering individuals †and tragic to state, there wasn’t. Oedipus type of expiation in light of the government assistance of his property is in a manner like this. He has decided to daze and oust himself from the land which he has done shamefulness to †murdering its ruler and laying down with his own mom. Third example is standing out men completes their choices. As pioneers, both Abraham and Oedipus think about politeness and reason before following up on it. Abraham, for example, considered the way that his and Lot’s herders can't live respectively thus chose to isolate with his sibling so Lot and his herders can seek after their own future as he goes to the other way. Much similarly when Oedipus went up against Creon and disregarding his doubts and uncertainty, put aside his feelings of trepidation and equitably sought after the issue Creon let him know. He has called upon all the connections referenced upon him, the slave, shepherd and delivery person and painstakingly asked insights regarding what occurred. He didn't infuse thoughts but instead, took the realities they offer and associated the occasions in a string, utilized his explanation and gained the reality of the situation †regardless of whether it implies the acknowledgment of his feelings of trepidation. It is very observable however that the fatalistic and monotheistic conviction patters are obvious in the two writings. Abraham follows the desire of Yahweh while Oedipus respects Apollo. Both additionally partake in compensation of mix-ups, Jocasta’s self destruction and Oedipus’ choice to daze and expel himself is a model. Offering penances is another. There is one distinction however. In Genesis, Abraham can converse with Yahweh and He answers him straightforwardly. Apollo has no voice in Oedipus aside from through the mouths of the prophet or the soothsayers. Discussion with divinities was conceivable in Genesis while it isn't in Oedipus. Accentuation on human instinct is additionally clear in the two writings. Abraham, albeit a man of confidence, has consistently been allowed to pick on what to do. Such with laying down with Hagar and tolerating the outcomes of his activities, such with isolating with Lot and dealing with Yahweh to spare Sodom and Gommorah, such with voyaging and proceeding onward forward to different grounds, regardless of whether it implies professing to be a sibling to Sarai, or on the off chance that it implies yielding his lone child for his God. Much similarly as Oedipus, who has been played by destiny, indeed, however wittingly, tuned in and sought after truth as it was told by â€Å"witnesses† †living verifications of people’s activities. He has conceded that it was his own choice †not moved by any God †to strike Lauis for he was at a furious disillusionment, much similarly as it his own choice to dazzle and oust himself from his territory †to rebuff himself for his wrongdoing and for causing his realm, mishap for his activities or his revile. Thus, Jocasta’s activity to end it all, as discipline of her mix-ups. A straightforward truth and conviction conveyed across times, even today, that such evaluation or survey can make me think like this†¦ great just brings forth great. Furthermore, at long last, regardless of how unthinkable, or how human and impossible, Justice wins. Time instructs spirits that meander fruitless of minutes yet that of voices from the past read through the lips of creatures like me. References: Catholic Biblical Association of America (1971). The New American Bible. Washington: Catholic Publishers Inc. Pickering, James H. and Hoeper, Jeffrey (1990). Ruler Oedipus by Sophocles, deciphered by William Butler Yeats. Writing. New York: Macmillan

Recycled toothbrushes make sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reused toothbrushes bode well - Essay Example This association can fortify the brand picture of the organization before individuals who are worried about nature and help recycline accomplish its crucial saving the earth. Extra ways the organization can showcase its item is by utilizing options in contrast to plastic in its bundling. This will additionally show the company’s ability to accomplish better natural gauges. It can likewise utilize refuse jars or other arranged material in its creation office to permit reusing. Besides, the utilization of ecological methods of showcasing, for example, planting a tea joined by organization marking can likewise fill the need as clients will begin to connect green with Recycline. As the organization develops bigger it will confront huge difficulties in upgrading its creation. So as to keep up its witticism of utilizing reused items, it should look for organization with government and nongovernmental offices to encourage them in getting arranged material that can be utilized as potential contributions for their item. Besides they will likewise need to extend their breeze creation office. Showcasing should take the ATL course more regularly and spending on advertising will likewise must be

Welcome to The Well-Readhead Inn

Welcome to The Well-Readhead Inn Previously on The Well-Readheads, we revealed our book hoarding tendencies and fantasized about opening a bed-and-breakfast to cater to booklovers and help them conquer their TBRs. We’ve been working on the business plan and look forward to inviting you to fund our Kickstarter campaign soon. For now, a preview: Inn Packages The Jane Austen: 2 nightsOne copy of an average-length Classic Novel You’ve Been Meaning To Read Forever. 3 meals and 2 snacks per day. Unlimited coffee or tea. One fluffy bathrobe dusted with Cheeto crumbs. In-room video displays Colin Firth encouraging you to keep going or singing “Moves Like Jagger” until you achieve a page count sufficient to shut him up (reader’s choice). The Miller-Nin: 3 nightsThis couples package includes a customized selection of erotic literature and love poetry. All meals delivered to room via a secret compartment to maximize privacy. Staff will not contact you during stay but expect to receive a written report of your activities within one month after check-out. (Why get down and dirty if you’re not going to document it?) Extra charge for breaking furniture or if the lingerie you toss onto a lampshade starts a fire. Optional upgrade to the Sartre-de Beauvoir package for guests who prefer to, uh, play in groups. The John Irving: 4 nightsOne copy of a long-ish Book You Want To Read And Don’t Have Time For, one “palate cleanser” collection of short stories or essays. 3 meals and 2 snacks per day. Unlimited coffee or tea. Cocktail service beginning at 3pm daily. One stuffed armadillo, one in-room wrestling mat. Bunk beds optional (to re-create that boarding school feel). Encouragement provided by man who is missing a limb but has A VERY STRANGE VOICE. Finish the book before checkout and see the bicycle-riding bear for free! The Tolstoy: 7 nightsOne copy of a Large Classic Tome, two “palate cleansers” for when you start to go cross-eyed from reading tiny print and long footnotes. 3 meals, 2 snacks, and 1 midnight nibble per day. Unlimited coffee, tea, and cigarettes (you’ll be a smoker by the time we get done with you). In-room applause machine to sound at each 100-page mark. Daily visits from helpful and not-at-all-annoying professor. One massage by an attractive but frigid Victorian Lady. Visits to the John Irving Suite’s wrestling mat when you get ahead of schedule and need to blow off some, er, steam. The Agatha Christie: 7 nightsChoose between a train compartment or a ship’s cabin. Package includes 20 randomly chosen Christie novels, one monocle, one nosy elderly guest next door, one cry in the night and one masseuse/housekeeper/concierge/server played by the same person. The room includes a well-hidden venomous snake, a draught of poison, a smoking gun, bloodstains, and the feeling youre being watched. (We also offer a half-price deal on the Christie, in which we tear the last ten pages out of the books, and we set the snake right on top of your pillow.) The Rowling: 10 nightsOne boxed set of the Harry Potter series, one cloak (invisibility not included), one personal butler dressed as a house elf. Do not under any circumstances give him your socks. 3 meals daily in the communal dining hall (with other Rowling package guests). Unlimited coffee, tea, and butterbeer. Daily meetings with your reading nemesis for motivation. One middle-of-the-night appearance by the Dark Lord to scare the pants off of you. (We said they were optional!)  May be substituted for The Tolkien (inquire for details, includes second breakfasts). The George R. R. Martin: 10 nightsone furnished castle tower, complete with swords, furs, a direwolf, and a robe monogrammed with your personal sigil. Front desk will call once a day to remind you that winter is coming. Upon finishing a book, we make you wait an exorbitant   amount of time before we deliver the next one. We also execute your favorite staff member halfway through your stay. Dragons egg omelets served at breakfast; try our specialty drink, the White Walker! The Douglas Adams Hitchhiker Suite42 nights in the Beeblebrox Stateroom; a towel; a nightly swim with dolphins; three meals served in five parts in the Restaurant at the End of the Universe; one babel fish to translate any books you may wish to read in another language; one witty alien roommate. House Rules 1. Upon arriving at the Well-Readhead Inn, you must surrender all electronic devices. Guests found with such items after check-in will immediately be moved to the Twilight Room. (Managers note: the body glitter is temporary and will wash away after a few weeks. The shame is yours forever.) 2. Guests are invited to walk the grounds, sit a spell in the veranda rocking chairs, and enjoy therapeutic soaks in the outdoor hot tub. Those found doing so without a book will lose all out-of-room privileges for the remainder of their stay. Those found doing so without pants will be given a high-five and our undying respect. 3. The Well-Readhead Inn observes a strict “no spoilers” policy. Guests caught revealing plot points to those for whom they will ruin the experience will be exiled in the Dungeon of Distraction and forced to play Angry Birds for a period consummate with the severity of their offense. 4.   Guests are expected to respect each other’s personal space and to observe the posted quiet hours when reading in the Inn’s public spaces. Anyone who makes like the annoying seatmate who won’t shut up on a three-hour flight will be sent to the Clockwork Orange Suite, the details of which are confidential. 5. All books are property of the Well-Readhead Inn; guests inclined to highlight or underline in books may pre-purchase copies. (In the case of the Miller-Nin package, cost of books is factored into the price we dont want those back.) Our promise to you: You will never hear the words I wish *I* had time to read uttered on these grounds. Recommend additional packages and house rules in the comments below. We look forward to welcoming you to The Well-Readhead Inn soon!

Servicescape Essay - 612 Words

Evaluating a servicescape: the effect of cognition and emotion Ingrid Y. Lin Servicescape is a topic that focuses on the physical evidence of an organization. Everything from the exterior of a company to their interior and employees is an attribute of servicescape. The topic deals with the impression created by the company in the eyes of the customer walking in to the company. Whatever the customer sees is what they will perceive is the basic idea of servicescape in a company. In addition to the physical evidence, there are behaviors and internal responses to the servicescape that comes from within a customer. The internal response deals with the effect of cognition and emotion. This article gives us a great idea on how the customer†¦show more content†¦The right choice of music can be effectively used to minimize negative consequences. Along with that, it can return greater shopping time, and more enjoyed time at the place. The article then discuses more aspects of servicescape dealing with olfactory cues, which comes down to the scent used at the p lace to attract customers. Furthermore, the article discuses the emotional responses generated by the customers through the three dimensions in the framework, pleasure, arousal, and dominance. This brings us to our question of how do consumers evaluate servicescape, do they think first or do they feel first as they enter a servicescape? To get into the debate of which precedes first is out of the scope of this response. Both sides are presenting valuable information that can be argued diligently. There is great amount of literature in this article focusing on the cognitive and emotional states in servicescape. On the contrary, very little emphases have been placed on the customer perception and their evaluation of these settings. This article could have benefitted from examples of real customers walking into servicescape and their responses to it. The article could have looked at a servicescape through the eyes of a customer to better understand their perception. A main aspect that the research in this article came short of was that when we first form a perception of a servicescape, we are essentially processing cognitivelyShow MoreRelatedServicescape-HM Essay3780 Words   |  16 Pagesstores, it only attracts a small number of customers. As a result, our group made a research about the shop in order to discover the problems and provide meaningful suggestions. Based on the group member’s real introspection about the shop and the servicescape which enabled us to have general beliefs, feelings, and behavioral intentions toward the store (Elisabeth 2011), our group analyzed the problem of HM through three aspects, vision, odor and auditory sense. In order to draw more customers’ attentionRead MoreThe Impact of Servicescape in a Restaurant on Customer Behavioral854 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF SERVICESCAPE IN A RESTAURANT ON CUSTOMER BEHAVIORAL In order to be successful, restaurant operators need to create a pleasant servicescape and provide excellent service to their customers. The servicescape is the physical environment of a service organization where the service transaction occurs. It is composed of some elements such as the colour, music, scent, layout, lighting, and design in a physical environment. There is enough evidence to suggest that the servicescape hasRead MoreLitrature Review. Ii. The Social Servicescape (The Social1696 Words   |  7 PagesLITRATURE REVIEW II. The Social servicescape (The Social environment) According to Baker et al., (1994), social servicescape is related to people who share a specific service environment. Bitner, et al (1990) defined social servicescape as â€Å"The service encounter that often occurs in the presence of multiple customers who share a common servicescape†. While Tombs and Kennedy (2002) defined it as â€Å"a service setting where the human aspects of the environment impact on the behavior of customers as aRead MoreRestaurant Servicescape, Service Encounter, and Perceived Congruency on Customers’ Emotions and Satisfaction8883 Words   |  36 Pagescom/loi/whmm20 Restaurant Servicescape, Service Encounter, and Perceived Congruency on Customers Emotions and Satisfaction Ingrid Y. Lin Anna S. Mattila a a b School of Travel Industry Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA b School of Hospitality Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Published online: 15 Oct 2010. To cite this article: Ingrid Y. Lin Anna S. Mattila (2010): Restaurant Servicescape, Service EncounterRead More2 a Study on the Impact of Servicescape on Consumer Behaviour in the Hotel Industry. a Case Study of Upscale Restaurants/Hotels in London, Uk11980 Words   |  48 PagesStructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter 2 – Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 2.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2 Servicescape†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3 Significance of Servicescape in Upscale Restaurants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.4 Servicescape in Diverse Service Settings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5 Elements of a Servicescape†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.5-1 Ambience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5-1a Temperature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5-1b Music†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read MoreErvice Performance and Service Quality of the Starbucks. Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesis better than to separate the questions, because we can listen all of members’ ideas. We discussed that the servicescape is the physical environment in which service delivery. Servicescapes are an important tangible component of the service product that provide cues to customers and create an immediate perceptual image in customers’ minds. In the Starbucks coffee shop’s servicescape, there are some pop songs played in the store, music can be used as an effective tool to minimize the negative consequencesRead MoreAn Experimental Approach And Avoidance Motivation Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Evans, J. R. (1995). Retail management: A strategic approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall. Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57–71. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chang, J. C. (2016). The Impact of Servicescape on Quality Perception and Customers Behavioural Intentions. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 6(4), 67. Chang,Read MoreIntegrated Service Marketing Communication For Anz Bank1250 Words   |  5 Pagesimprove the organizational work processes and behaviour of the people working in ANZ bank. Staff should teach customers to use to self-service technology correctly. 2.7. Servicescape and Physical Evidence The impact of physical environment in which an organization works comes under the concept of servicescape. This concept of servicescape helps in understanding the difference between the services provided by different companies and organizations of the same sector. The services provided by all the banksRead MoreMarketing Mix - Service 7 Ps1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfacility i.e. its servicescape can play an important role in the service experience. Copyright  © Continuum Learning Pte Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Company No.: 200509320M Contacts : www.continuumlearning.com beeleng@continuumlearning.com mobile 65-9199 5556 -2- CONTINUUM LEARNING PTE LTD For theme park, restaurant, health club, hospital or school, its servicescape is critical in communicating about the service and making the entire customer experience positive. The â€Å"servicescape† illustrates howRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Environment And Service Quality1424 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1970s, but still, numerous studies have been conducted up to date. Therefore, the paper discusses the impacts of the services-scape in the service industry and outlines the importance of physical environment in the service sector. Impacts of Servicescape in service industry Service-scape influences or determines the consumers’ behaviours and attitude. The power of the service-scape to change or affect the responses of the clients and establish an image in their minds is apparent for the businesses

Using Renewable Energy Essays - 1622 Words

With a growing population around the world, the need for more energy increases as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday exploiting. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth that is formed in a previous time period millions of years ago and are nonrenewable. Fossil fuels are burned in order to fabricate energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or be used again. Renewable energy is a supply of energy that can be used as many times necessary and does not necessitate a compound made from the Earth. There are several different types of fossil fuels and renewable energy that we use for energy sources today.†¦show more content†¦for ships. Soon after, the windmill is invented. At the beginning of the 1900’s, hydroelectric power for electricity is introduced. Meanwhile, renewable energy is essentially forgotten until the late 1900’s because other sources of energy by using fossil fuels are booming. Renewable energy becomes a topic of interest again in the 1970’s when there is a gas shortage because of the tapering production of oil from the Middle East. Although, people begin to realize soon after this that fossil fuels can’t last ceaselessly and that a new source of energy needs to be established (Hoyle). One of the paramount benefits of using renewable energy rather than fossil fuels is that it’s much cleaner. There are no toxins and pollutants pushed into the air by burning like there are when using fossil fuels. Producing energy with clean air makes renewable energy more competent to the environment and to people for preservation and health reasons. Endowments of renewable energy can never run out so there is constantly a regular supply of it. When fossil fuels are burnt, it produces greenhouse gases that are harmful to the atmosphere. As a result, this makes our solar energy become caught in the atmosphere and causes global warming because of the absorbed heat. Many scientists believe that by reducing the use of harmful fossil fuels, there are many environmental benefits that can help prevent ecological catastrophes (Tanner). As moreShow MoreRelatedUsing Renewable Energy, Reliable And Reliable Source Of Energy Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable and modern energy services and/or renewable energy, rather than depending on inefficient sources, such as biomass, for energy. Target 7.3 can be measured by comparing passed to present/future improvements in energy efficiency. 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Renewable and non renewable are the two types of energy resources available to us. The standard method of creating electricity has been by burning coal, releasing carbon dioxide into the air. It was perviously thought carbon dioxide created warming however this is strongly disputed now as the correlation between

Balanced Scoreboard Free Essays

Firstly, financial element is an organizational element which aims at examining whether implementation and execution of company’s organizational strategy are equally contributing to company’s improvement. It is characterized by measures which assess whether the company is able to manage its costs and operations. For Accounting Firm financial element is very important for enhancing performance because it helps to manage revenue growth, profit margins, net operation income and cash flows. We will write a custom essay sample on Balanced Scoreboard or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly, customer element aims at defining the value proposition to satisfy customers and to generate more sales. This element is used to measure the delivered value, costs and outcomes – for example, market share or customer satisfaction. In Accounting firm customer element will enhance operational performance, product leadership, customer satisfaction and intimacy. Thirdly, internal process element or perspective aims at creating and delivering the value proposition of customers. The task is to concentrate on key activities and processes to provide value expected by the customers the most effectively and productively. Short-term and long-term objectives are incorporated. In Accounting Firm this element is of great help for developing innovative processes and stimulating further company’s improvement. Internal process assists in improving asset utilization, establishing good relations with external shareholders, etc. Finally, element of learning and growth aims at founding any effective strategy which will concentrate on intangible assets, internal skills and capabilities necessary for value-creating internal process. Human capital, information capital and organizational capital are involved. This element plays important role for Accounting firm as it stimulates improvement in learning, decreases short-term financial loses and contributes to long-term development. References Cobbold, I. Lawrie, G. (2002). The Development of the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management Tool. USA: Performance Measurement Association. How to cite Balanced Scoreboard, Papers

Global Marketing and International Relations

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Marketing and International Relations . Answer: Introduction There is a great advancement in technology with increasing globalisation that has changed the way the business operations used to occur in the past. Profitability is ensured when an organisation decides to go global. It may not happen that every business is benefiting from globalisation. While some organizations in the global market is growing healthy such as Apple, Coca-Cola, some are facing challenges in an attempt to establish business successfully in the emerging markets (Dunning, 2014). However, doing business overseas is accompanied by wide ranging challenges while marketing its products considering the legal, cultural, and ethical aspects. BRICS group of countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) which are considered as the largest of the worlds emerging markets (Chang, 2015). There are many other small countries growing rapidly but are presenting number of challenges for international marketers such as Japan or the USA that do not occur to the same degree in devel oped nations (Gilpin, 2016). The report intends to discuss the likely impacts of political and economic factors on marketing in emerging markets. The report deals with the organisation Adidas. In this context, the paper discusses the challenges faced by the organisation when marketing in the emerging markets. The paper will emphasise on the political and economic factors influencing the marketing strategies supporting with literature. Overview of the organisation Adidas group is the worlds leading and gigantic industry for sporting goods created by Adolph Dasslerafter the world war I. The business was initially started with manufacture of sport shoes. The business is reigning in London and Germany. In London Adidas has wide variety of sport products to sell out with plenty of outlets. It manufactures products for different types of sports such as Basketball, Football, Tennis, Cricket, Tennis, Cricket and swimming. To become the leading sports brand in the world is the companys mission. The companys vision is to manufacture products that enhance the life of the people. The target market of Adidas is urban youth particularly the metro cities and competition to lifestyle is the brand position of Adidas (Rudolph, 2016). The companys robust marketing strategies have helped it to gain high brand loyalty from its customers. Marketing is essential for survival of business in global market (Kotler et al., 2015). Marketing refers to the process of anticipating, identifying and satisfying the demands and requirements of the customers profitably. Adidas has extensive marketing infrastructure to reach wide range of customers. It sells its wide range of sports products and equipments in wide range in almost all the countries of the world (Cleff et al., 2013). Such marketing infrastructure is essential for expanding the market size. Giese, (2016) mentioned that the company has established an unparalleled portfolio of promotion partnerships with sports associations recognised internationally (Nufer Ibele, 2015). Marketing plan can be affected by range of factors such as political, economic, social, and cultural and other external environmental factors. In this assignment we will mainly focus on the political and economic factors affecting the marketing of Adidas in emerging markets. Effect of political factors on marketing in emerging markets The political factors are given lot of importance in business field. Business can be effected by government policies that is mandated to be followed by all the companies. Any upcoming legislation can affect the business operations and eventually the marketing plan. The political factor can add a major risk factor to the business according to Chattopadhyay et al., (2012). Hennart, (2012) argued that a company may be ready to tackle the international outcome of politics. For example an increase or decrease in tax can alter the pattern of demand. Gilpin, (2016) described that political factors can affect the economic condition of the business, influence the socio-cultural environment of the target market, impact the rate of new technologies emerging and its acceptance in the target market. For example, the U.S Generation 2015 and Route 2015 for Adidas has increased its geographic growth to tap developing market. In addition other technological innovations such as Micoach and Techfit com pression jerseys have helped to improve the global market presence for Adidas. Hence, it focuses to market its products on the high potential market such as China where it has opened new 500 sales points penetrating deeper into the countrys market with low price (Nufer Ibele, 2015). A companys marketing strategies are effected particularly in emerging market because of corruption level, taxation, tariffs, bureaucracy, data protection law, customer protection and e- commerce employment law, health and safety and environment laws (Chakravarti, 2013). According to Borowski, (2011) decrease in taxation increases the disposal incomes thereby increasing the buying power. In that case, sales will be high even with decrease in marketing level. For example, the Malaysian has stable political situation. The government provides incentives and other added benefits that are more than satisfying to the investors as it guarantees agreement with other popular industrialised countries. Therefore, the operations of Adidas are never effected in this country and are a good ground for flourishing or expanding the market size in Malaysia although it is an emerging market (Cuervo-Cazurra Ramamurti, 2014). The online retailing and adoption of new technologies is slow in countries like South Africa but is fast in developed countries like US, Japan and Germany. Therefore, Adidas has slow market penetrating in South Africa where the demands remain low (Cleff et al., 2013). Owing to the corporate social responsibility, if a product causes environmental damage it is highly likely to suffer from the legal and regulatory authorities in the country the products will be marketed. Kotler et al., (2015) stated that marketing of the product are also effected with the target markets employment law. In 2014, Adidas has faced uncertainty in the consumer market in Russia, due to fall in the value of rouble. The start of the Ukraine crisis the organisation has to close some of the existing stores and open newer ones. Due to uncertainty in Russia, the company had suffered from higher marketing spending at the time of World Cup. Its net income for the year was one third lower than it was estimated (Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News", 2016). Fraud is highly prevalent in small market like India. Adidas has filed a lawsuit against its managing director after uncovering the fraud (Rs 870 crores) at its local unit in Delhi. Sales figure were inflated, profits were overstated by showing more warehouses and fictitious invoices. The law proceedings in India are very slow and in addition it was difficult to reincur the total loss Rs 2,198 crore caused by scandal. This greatly affected the companys marketing plan as it has to settle claims from 500 franchisee. T herefore, it had to go for intense marketing to drive its sales and gain competitive advantage over other sports brands such as Puma, and Nike (Gupta, 2016). On the other hand, the growth oriented policies in US positively influences the business marketing strategies (Thanh, 2014). Adidas highly invests in advertisement and in social media and has opened several stores in US due to the US governments low interest rates. US also maintain the stable currency exchange arrangements (Nufer Ibele, 2015). Adidas earns high profit every year in US which has flexible arrangements for internationally competitive taxand takes serious initiatives in the global value chain in terms of transparency. According to Giese, (2016) Adidas enjoys the changes in US political factors in many ways however, it has negative effect on the hiring of employees. Effect of economic factors on marketing in emerging markets As per Chattopadhyay et al., (2012) the economic factors such as consumer spending pattern, employment level, countrys resources and rate of interest, inflation, exchange of currency greatly affect the marketing of the products. For example the inflation rate alters the buying power of the consumers and hinders the market penetration of the new entrants. With the increase in the inflation rate the profit making of the company decreases. Similarly the, employment level of the country effects the marketing plan. According to Mahdi et al. (2015) the consumer spending on the product also effects the marketing plan of a business. For example, in Brazil and London the consumer spending is high for sports products therefore there is tough competition faced by Adidas. Hence, before the World Cup, Adidas being the sponsor is demanded to come up with latest technologies to gear up marketing. Among other innovations when the company unveiled its digitally connected smart football, it proved the brands dominance was going beyond apparel. For Adidas, small market like India is challenging. In the previous calendar year Adidas raked more than Rs 18,527 crores from China alone compared to Rs 6000 crores in India total sportswear market. Japan and China are considered to be a developed market for Adidas but India being the emerging market (Lu et al., 2016). The E-commerce is growing rapidly in Indias capital city with greater internet penetration. Therefore, Adidas has widely implemented its omnichannel strategyproviding more number product online that are not available in the local stores. Therefore, Adidas is highly spending on its online marketing strategy partnering with four leading e-retailers Jabong, Flipkart, Amzon and Myntra. Morover, in India the low space due to high crowd leads to more payment for its urban stores in India. Therefore, the high rental structure reduces the number of stores and increases more marketing on social media and television (Chakravarti, 2013). In developing markets the size of the labour pool greatly influences the wage system. The global production of Adidas takes place 80% in Asian countries. In these countries the larger part of the job market is informal sector. Consequently huge pool of labourers is underemployed. For example in Bangladesh the total population is 160 million with annual GDP being smaller than Germany by 33 times. In this country, the 80% of the employees are recruited in informal sector. Adidas too have been claimed of poverty wages in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Therefore, it decreased the purchasing power parity. Hence, earning dollar in US and India is different and affects the buying power (Jolliffe Prydz, 2015). In Germany, Adidas has faced decline in net profit by the end of quarter by 11% in 2014 in golf division (Emmerentze, 2016). This was attributed by the negative currency effect. This was due to the continuous weakness of emerging market currencies compared with the euro--in particular the Russian ruble--and discounting and restructuring at TaylorMade-Adidas Golf. The sales increased by 9% when the currency fluctuations were adjusted. The stagnating market has greatly affected the sales profiles of Adidas at the golf division. Therefore, profit denied by the foreign exchange effects the marketing products greatly in developing markets rather than the developed markets. Despite the political instability in Russia and profit warning Adidas was confident of its marketing but the same was the condition in Malaysia, Indonesia, or India it would have greatly affected the market expansion of Adidas decreasing the sales and leading to closure of sales points ("Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News", 2016). Conclusion Based on the above discussion the political and economy factors greatly influence the marketing of Adidas in emerging markets. A global market faces a massive geoeconomic realignment. Therefore, multinational cooperation like Adidas has to rethink every aspect of their business. Adidas must accustom to scarcity. There is clear commencement of global shift in the consumption patterns from the developed to the emerging markets. According to Cuervo-Cazurra et al., (2014) for Asian consumers there is more production in Asian but not for the western ones. The consumption rebalance is in favour of emerging societies that were surviving on less. Adidas must be updated on the latest communication technology. The organisation must develop new managerial and leadership competencies in order to adept at networking to lead teams of increasing diversity. While branching into unfamiliar territories the company must seek collaborative solutions to tap the opportunities at the base of the pyramid. A didas must take advantage of hard-working and hungry employees in Asian countries however, it must be fair with the payment system. The company must let go off the certainties and then become more accustomed with uncertainty as it is obvious to have growing fluctuations and pain to gain market supremacy (Hennart, 2012). References Adidas scales back in Russia and issues profit warning - BBC News. (2016). BBC News. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-28590235 Borowski, A. (2011). Adidas Marketing Strategy-An Overview. Chakravarti, P. (2013). The Economics of Sports Marketing.Available at SSRN 2383126. Chang, M. C. (2015). Room for improvement in low carbon economies of G7 and BRICS countries based on the analysis of energy efficiency and environmental Kuznets curves.Journal of Cleaner Production,99, 140-151. Chattopadhyay, A., Batra, R., Ozsomer, A. (2012).The new emerging market multinationals: Four strategies for disrupting markets and building brands. McGraw Hill Professional. Cleff, T., Drr, S., Vicknair, A., Walter, N. (2013). Brand experiencehow it relates to brand personality, consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. An empirical analysis of the Adidas brand.Interdisciplinary Management Research,9, 731-754. Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Ramamurti, R. (Eds.). (2014).Understanding multinationals from emerging markets. Cambridge University Press. Dunning, J. H. (2014).The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Emmerentze, E. (2016). Adidas profit dented by foreign-exchange effects. MarketWatch. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/adidas-profit-dented-by-foreign-exchange-effects-2014-11-06 Giese, S. (2016).Implications for Corporate Sponsors Arising from Scandals in Sport. The Case of Adidas and FIFA(Doctoral dissertation, Universidade Catlica Portuguesa). Gilpin, R. (2016).The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Gupta, A. (2016). Why Adidas is cool again. Fortuneindia.com. Retrieved 31 December 2016, from https://fortuneindia.com/2016/july/why-adidas-is-cool-again-1.8672 Hennart, J. F. (2012). Emerging market multinationals and the theory of the multinational enterprise.Global Strategy Journal,2(3), 168-187. Jolliffe, D., Prydz, E. B. (2015). Global poverty goals and prices: how purchasing power parity matters.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7256). Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lu, X., Liu, H. W., Rahman, M. (2016). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: a case of Nike and Adidas in China.Strategic Change. Mahdi, H. A. A., Abbas, M., Mazar, T. I., George, S. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Strategies and Business Models of Nike, Inc. and Adidas Group with special reference to Competitive Advantage in the context of a Dynamic and Competitive Environment.International Journal of Business Managemetn and Economic Research,6(3), 167-77. Nufer, G., Ibele, F. (2015). The Impact of Social Media Marketing during Mega Sports Eventsan Empirical Study in the Frame of the FIFA World Cup.Quarterly Journal of Business Studies,2(1), 1-24. Rudolph, M. (2016). A Financial Analysis of the Sportswear Company Adidas AG. Thanh, N. T. (2014).Improvement of efficiency for production line by applying line balancing and simulation: A case study in Adidas Company(Doctoral dissertation, International University HCMC, Vietnam).

Falconry free essay sample

Falconry, also known as hawking, is a form of hunting which involves the use of trained hawks and falcons to prey on other animals. Falconry may be considered one of the oldest sports, dating back over 4,000 years ago in Egypt and China that is still practiced today. Falconry was considered a status symbol, restricted to noble classes, in medieval Europe and a way of obtaining food. Falconry still exists today with more than 3,800 licensed falconers in the United States. Historically, falconry was not only a popular sport but was considered a status symbol among the aristocracy of medieval Europe. Legend has it that a Persian King watched a falcon kill another bird and ordered his men to capture the falcon. The king kept the falcon with him at all times, learned many lessons from it and was considered the first falconer. The origin of falconry can be traced back to 2000 BC through ancient writings, drawings and artifacts. We will write a custom essay sample on Falconry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is debate as to when and where falconry originated, however, some historians place its origin in Asia around the second century A. D. and then spread west, while other historians place the origin in Arabia or the Middle East based on records dated 8,000 BC, found of a king who used birds of prey. It is known that by the fourth century, falconry had spread through Western Europe and Britain. Most of the information about falconry comes from its popularity in medieval Europe and the Middle East during the middle ages. The sport of falconry began to decline in popularity during the 1700 and 1 +-*. 800s because of the decline of nobility and the increased use of firearms to kill animals for food and for sport. However, by the 1900s, its popularity was renewed and the largest falconry association, the Peregrine Blub was established in the United States. Falconry is now legal in the United States in all states except Hawaii and the District of Columbia. State and federal licenses are required to practice this sport. Falconry not only exists today in the United States but also is practiced throughout the world. Originally, the purpose of falconry was to obtain food to eat, however, nobility (Kings of Britain, Russian Czars and the Holy roman Emperors) shifted this purpose to one of social entertainment. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Jerusalem was considered to be the greatest falconer of the medieval age. Falconry became so popular that it became regulated with a strict set of customs called the Laws of Ownership. These laws dictated what type of birds could be owned by various social ranks. The table shown below gives a partial listing of social rank and appropriate bird. There were also severe punishments including time in jail to anyone who harmed a falcon’s bird nest, eggs, and young or took a falcon from the wild that did not belong to you. One of the most severe punishments was given to a person who flew a bird above what your rank permitted. This punishment was having your hand cut off. Social rank and appropriate bird (adapted from original table) King| Gyr Falcon| Prince| Peregrine Falcon| Knight| Saker| Squire| Lanner| Lady| Female Merlin| Priest| Female Sparrowhawk| Knaves, servants, children| Kestrel| Adapted from The Ancient Art of Falconry The players in this sport are the falconer and his or her raptor. The falconer is the person that handles or trains the raptor. Their principle responsibilities were to ensure that his master’s birds of prey, raptors, were fully trained, well-fed and ready to hunt when called upon. The raptor is a bird of prey with a hooked beak for tearing meat, and powerful, hooked talons for grasping and holding prey. Not all raptors are suitable for falconry. Suitable raptors can be grouped by the way they are flown at the prey and are divided into three categories: broad-winged hawks, short-wing hawks and long-wing hawks. The broad-wing hawks (Buteos) include the Golden Eagles, Buzzards and Harris hawk that hunt rabbits and other ground game. They are also known as the â€Å"bombers†. The short-wing hawks (Accipiters) are used to hunt other birds in wooded or bushy terrain and include goshawks. They are called the â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, considered the â€Å"true† falcons, are considered the â€Å"fighter jets. † They hunt other birds, such as waterfowl in open country. The Peregrine Falcons, Gyrfalcon, Lanner Falcon and the American Kestrel are included in this group. The different physical characteristics of these raptors allow the hunter to vary his or her hunting method. Each of the various physical characteristics allows adaptation to their hunting environment. The buteos will usually perch in high trees and then dive on the prey out in the open, hence the name â€Å"bomber†. Because the Accipiters have short wings, they can easily maneuver and can chase their prey through the various terrains, similar to â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, â€Å"fighter jets†, circle hundreds of feet in the air and then stoop at very high speeds (averaging 25-34 mph and reaching up to 200 mph) to knock their prey out of the sky using their feet as fists. Broad-winged-buzzardShort-winged-Goshawk Long-winged-Peregrine Falconmonacoeye. com goshawk dove4. jpg mysideofthemountain. wikispaces. com The relationship between the falconer and raptor is very important and training a falcon is not easy. Although the raptor is not a pet, it is trained to accept the presence of their trainer in their natural pursuit of prey. Great skill and patience is involved when training falcons. A falcon responds to its trainer not out of affection or fear but out of the association of a trainer to its only source of food. The first stage of training is called manning. In this stage, the tethered raptor becomes accustomed to being handled and eating food from a gloved hand. During the next stage, a tethered raptor is rewarded with food for flying short distances and returning. The use of a hood on the bird kept the bird calm and prevents distractions while it is preparing to fly. Once a tethered raptor has learned to fly to his trainer consistently, the raptor can be brought out to an open meadow where they are taught to rise from the owner’s wrist on command and gain the experience of hunting. The introduction to the swing-lure is part of this next phase of training. A string is attached to one of the bird’s claws and the bird had circled around it would be reeled in at the falconer’s command. When the raptor makes a kill, the reward is only a small piece of the kill because only hungry raptors hunt. If the raptor is not hungry, it is possible that it will not return to the falconer. One of the misconceptions is that the raptor will bring back its kills to the falconer. The falconer must find his raptor; some use a dog as part of the team, and exchanges a fresh piece of meat for the catch. irportjournals. com Falconry became popular again in America in 1920 after an issue in the National Geographic Magazine published an article â€Å"Falconry, the sport of Kings†. Unfortunately, just as interest in falconry was peaking, the raptors were beginning to die due to synthetic chemical poisons such as DDT. This poison caused reproductive failure in many of the raptor birds including the peregrine falcon. The United States banned the use of DDT and enacted the Endangered Species Act that gave protection to some bird species including the Peregrine Falcon. Two U. S. falconers, Tom Cade and Heinz Meng, began a captive-breeding program to lead repopulation efforts of these endangered species. Their program has been very successful by breeding and releasing thousands of peregrines. The practice of modern day falconry is very similar to traditional falconry with some minor modifications. These modifications include: use of transmitters, type of birds used and the ability to use captive-breed birds. Often transmitters are now placed on the falcon in order to help a falconer locate his bird from several miles away. The type of birds used in modern falconry has increased. Birds such as the Red-Tail and Harris’ Hawk are two new additions that have been successfully used. Finally, ancient falconry required that a falconer trap his own bird from the wild. Today, falconers have the ability to selectively breed and hybridize their own birds. This came about during the time of repopulation efforts of the endangered Peregrine Falcon. Modern day falconry is currently being practiced in many countries around the world including the United States and is legal in all states except Hawaii and in the District of Columbia. The biggest change from traditional falconry is the restraints and legalities under which falconers must practice their sport. A falconer must possess both a state and federal license in addition to serving as an apprentice for 2 years under a licensed falconer. Only at this time, can the falconer possess either an American kestrel or a red-tailed hawk legally. Presently, there are over 10,000 licensed falconers in the United States. Falconry seems like a very interesting sport that I would definitely be interested in learning more about. If I had enough money and time, I might consider becoming a falconer as one of my hobbies.

Union Bank of California essay

Union Bank of California essay Union Bank of California essay Union Bank of California essayDear Mrs. Clemmons,The Union Bank of California has been in business for years and has a mandate to ensure customer satisfaction. This is through the enactment of different departments that cater for the dissimilar needs of clients. The bank is aware that honest mistakes are sometimes inevitable while making debits. Machines and merchants are sometimes exposed to errors due to system irregularities. Therefore company remains open-minded and ready to correct such situations. It has a fool proof system in charge of rectifying such issues.   The company’s ATM Error Resolution Department sorts out any problems that occur while using credit cards. This is in line with its duty to ensure that customers are not short-changed or overcharged while buying goods. The department banks on giving the customers up-to-speed solutions when errors occur.It is greatly relished that you have always chosen to do your shopping using our service. The business apprecia tes your loyalty and consistency in providing trade for our company. The company also acknowledges that the machines are sometimes susceptible to errors. There are candid slip-ups that happen when a merchant runs a customer’s check debit card two or three times through the credit card machine. In such situations the appliance has already made the transaction while the merchant remains oblivious. It results to several charges on the same goods hence great loses for the consumer. Sadly, the consumers are uninformed that they made numerous purchases. They only realize it when they get their bank statements and get frustrated. However, the management expresses that it is unable to accept your application due to the fact that the transactions reference numbers are valid.The report depicts that there were several purchases made from different stores the same day.   In such a case the transaction number does not change within a twenty four hour period.   Thus, the suspicions tha t the transaction might have been replicated erroneously. Additionally, the three dealings statement point out that debits had different amounts: $23.02, $120.10, and $43.19. This circumstance does not refer to a multiple-card-swipe error. Finally, the claims did not have attached receipts that are necessary for follow up.   Receipts are viewed as important pieces of evidence that provide easier referencing.The Union Bank of California is committed to ensuring that our customers get the best experience at all times. As a result it has a valuable recovery system that checks and corrects the transaction mistakes.   The bank’s tele-service department records the clients’ complaints and issues claim numbers. Moreover, it informs the consumers that they must send the department a signed and dated claim letter. The notification should portray the situation and enclose copies of receipts. The section notifies the client of the decision in a period of ten to twenty busines s days. There is a corrective measure that credits the accounts respectively. It ensures that the clients receive the full amounts that were billed erroneously.The business really values your concern and appreciates your prudence in reporting the suspected mishap. It believes that you will eventually concur with the report issued. Consequently, it will be eagerly waiting to hear from you Mrs. Clemmons. This is because at the Union bank of California the customer views always matter.Thank you for your time and patience.Sincerely, Operations Manager,Union bank of California

Cross Cultural Management N Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cross Cultural Management N - Essay Example The presence of cross cultural teams in organizations provides a source of expertise and innovative techniques that will enhance competitive positioning of an organization (Smith and Thomas, 2008). To enhance this, a flexible leader is needed to promote creativity and motivation. As portrayed in the cross cultural management theories, the relations between people, orientation towards risk, attitudes to time, motivation orientation, attitudes towards the environment and definition of self and others is considered closely. The motivation and training of multicultural teams should be the focus of the organization as this will determine the implications of the project management (Bird and Fang, 2009). The significance of cultural differences defines the success and failure of multicultural international projects. Thus to be successful and competitive in today environment and even days to come, initiatives should be grounded on delivering culturally-aware leadership, mutual respect and cross cultural communication (French, 2007). To be able to understand the concept of cultural differences it relevant to understand the meaning of culture. Culture is the major quality that defines a society in respect to its norms, beliefs, symbols, heroes and rituals as reflected in their social life. It is man’s way of life as it defines the way we live on daily basis and what we bring in our workplaces especially within a certain social group. Kutscher and Schmid defines culture as â€Å"the set of basic assumptions, attitudes and convictions of a social unit that manifest themselves in a multitude of behavior and artifacts, and which developed over time as a response to the varied demands placed on this social unit (2004. p.7.).†As an international business manager, one has to be acquainted with proper knowledge concerning the cultural differences and its impact on the business at large. In a multinational company, people working together will be coming from different

Strategic Marketing & Planning (Blue Ocean Strategy) Essay

Strategic Marketing & Planning (Blue Ocean Strategy) - Essay Example Based on the findings of the report and the desert climate of Saudi Arabia, the frozen yogurt business may succeed. The strategy targets families with children between three years and twenty years, thus this is the target market for the company. Ideally, the company may bait them by offering punch cards and coupons upon a given number of purchases. Today, the most appropriate method of reaching the teenagers and youths is the social media. The company could attract customers to the company by offering coupons and other promotional gifts through their social media such as Twitter and Facebook. This will attract a loyal customer base as well create awareness on the company’s products and prices (Willy et al., 2011:150). In all stages of the strategy, the idea is to create value innovation and differentiation from the existing industry. The paper proposes a blue ocean-based campaign labeled â€Å"Froyo Goes Green†. The main objective of the campaign is to attract customer to the company through offering environmentally friendly products and services, including biodegradable consumables such as spoons, cups, and containers. Moreover, the company will provide unique flavors and toppings that are not available in other competing stores. Introduction Every business, regardless of the industry of operation, has a chance to fail or succeed. As with all other business ventures, a frozen yogurt business can prove profitable if run properly. Indeed, we live in an informed generation where people are conscious about their diet and health, thus constantly looking for healthier alternatives to their favorite foods and drinks. Conceptually, the traditional ice-cream corn is a favorite for many people, thus initiating a frozen yogurt venture at any time is essentially right. Nonetheless, a business owner must undertake a comprehensive research of the target market to ensure that their business ideas are viable. Depending on the marketing and organizational framewo rk, a frozen yogurt may be either market oriented or sales oriented. This paper seeks to determine the orientation of the frozen yogurt industry in Saudi Arabia using illustrations to back the orientation. Additionally, the paper explores the strategies to improve the effectiveness of the company, with emphasis on improving the strategic planning process using the Blue Ocean Strategic model (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005:23). Background Saudi Arabia is among the fast-growing economies in the world. A significant portion of the country’s GDP comes from oil and gas, and the growing private sector. The climate in the country is desert-like, with average temperatures of 45o and highs of 50o. This climate creates a potential market for frozen desserts in the market. The company may tap this opportunity and provide the Saudi Arabians with healthy frozen yogurts to cool off their day. More than 50% of the Saudi Arabians earn incomes above $50,000, thus majority will afford a frozen yogurt dessert worth between $3 and $5. Saudi Arabia provides a promising business environment for organizations that focus on customer needs and demands, as well as those that observe the health regulation of the kingdom. The frozen yogurt market is not a new venture in Saudi Arabia: the industry has

Examining Poverty And Child Protection Acts Social Work Essay

Examining Poverty And Child Protection Acts Social Work Essay The area of poverty and child protection with black African families has been the source of controversy in British social work research for many decades. Many researchers find a correlation between economic deprivation such as poverty and social exclusion and parenting behaviour and practice, child-rearing capabilities and skills which are a prerequisite for proper child development anywhere in the world. Moreover, according to Jordan (2001) poverty is strongly correlated with reports of abuse and neglect. For instance, the National Centre for Children in Poverty found in 1990 that the incidence of child abuse and neglect, as well as the severity of the maltreatment reported, is much greater for children from low-income families than for others (Jordan, 2001 p.1). As a large number of Africans in the UK live below the poverty line, it may be reckoned that most black African children on the child protection register live below the poverty line. Brophy et al (2003) argue that many families brought to the attention of the child protection system lives in extreme poverty and may experience social exclusion. Black African children living in the UK may be over-represented in the child protection system for reasons such as physical abuse or neglect; therefore it is understandable to say that there is a correlation between abuse and parenting behaviours and practices. The question is why African families and children living in poverty, who are alleged of child abuse, are over-represented in the child protection system? Sossou Yogtiba (2008) noted in their study that a child is the most valuable asset of any traditional African family, as children symbolise status, respect and completeness of the nuclear family, if that is the case, then it is ironical to see African families and their children to be over-represented in the child protection system. Many black African families in the UK still lives below the poverty-line though they undertake different types of unskilled or skilled jobs, they support large families in their countries of origin (Anane-Agyei, 2002). It is reckon that poverty is linked with other social disadvantages such as poor education, limited employment opportunities, and poor health and may have devastating consequences for childrens development and life chances. Research shows that many African families and their children have insecure immigration status and their existing financial predicaments only help to complicate their parenting behaviours and practices. Penrose (2002) study shows that African families seeking asylum in the UK are often forced to live at level of poverty that is just unacceptable, and this causes financial constraint in their duty to provide adequate childcare for their children. Unemployment levels are known to be very high among African families, and they are also subject of stigmat ization and prejudice by the larger community that are suppose to accept them. Some African families living in the UK are without jobs and are also not entitled to social and economic benefit and therefore find it difficult to raise their children as expected by the laws of the land. Children growing up with parents living in absolute poverty are deprived of proper childhood development as these poor parents go through financial, emotional and psychological trauma in their duty to care for these children. African families living in poverty and failing to provide good care for their children may be perceived by social work professionals as failing in their parental responsibilities. For this reason, social workers may intervene in such families and often than not they are drawn into the child protection system. Amin Oppenheim (2002) argue that the unfamiliar cultural expectation of black African families living in the UK somehow contribute to the high level of poverty they experience. Research shows that many African families suffer from institutional oppression including housing, employment, education and health which not only means that they are more likely to experience poverty and deprivation, but also more susceptible to social work interventions in child abuse or maltreatment allegations. Corby (1993) noted that it may be expected that black African children are over-represented in child abuse cases because their families are more open to surveillance as they show high levels of poverty that complicate their parenting behaviours. In a broader perspective, Pearce Bozalek (2004) emphasise that the child protection system that exist in Britain will be unfamiliar to many African families, especially those more recently arrived, as similar state systems do not exist in most African countries, particularly where socio-economic factors, political instability and violence overshadow intra-familial child maltreatment and effective intervention into child abuse and neglect (Bernard Gupta, 2006 p). Brophy et al (2003) study supports the above assertion that African families experience discrimination and insecurity in child abuse cases, as the tools for assessing abuse are often euro-centric bias and prejudice the families. Chand (1999) study expresses the awareness that black African families are disadvantaged through oppression in all areas of society and this should not reflect in social work practice. Gibbon et al (2003) findings show that the child protection system was picking up more alleged child abuse cases inappropriately and putting more families and children on the child protection register than children who are subject to social welfare procedures. Therefore the over-representation of African families on the child protection register somehow, undermines the government aim of keeping children with families and reducing the number of children that are drawn onto the child protection register. The Department of Health (1995) document on child protection identified some pertinent shortcomings with the child protection system. The system seems to encourage unnecessary child protection interventions in border-line child abuse cases, which in many instances may have emotional and traumatic effects on families and children. Bernard Gupta (2008) in their study of black African children and the child protection system suggest that there are a series of interactions between environ mental factors such as poverty, immigration status and social exclusion that affect the life chances of many African children and the capacity of their parents to provide adequate care. Dowling (1999) realise that social work practice in the UK focus less on poverty-alleviating strategies but throw more resources behind safeguarding and protecting vulnerable children from abuse or maltreatment. Social workers need to understand the context in which abuse occurs, irrespective of race and culture, to develop an assessment and intervention process that is fairer for black families as they are more likely to suffer racism and oppression. In view of the above argument, it is pertinent that social workers know when to employ preventative measures to support black African families who have financial needs and when to take such families through the child protection system in the quest for safeguarding children. All these factors together create complex needs for many African children living in the UK, and, in many circumstances increase their vulnerabilities which draw them into the child protection arena. It can be argued that social workers have limited training and skills to understand the consequences of poverty on parents capabilities to provide adequate care for their children and this usually reflects in social work practice. Bernard Bernard (2008) argued that only by developing effective relationships with African families can social work professionals begin to understand their parenting behaviours and practices. 2.2 Poverty and Child Welfare Services Current literature shows that poverty experience by most black African families living in the UK could be alleviated by social work services that offer a pragmatic welfare services rather than drawing these families and children into the child protection system. Brophy et al (2003) study suggests that immigration and asylum issues, combined with poverty, are likely to be the reasons for the increased complexity for social work professionals assessing and intervening child abuse cases involving black African children. The Department of Health challenges social workers with the responsibility to implement Section 17 of the Children Act 1995, to provide adequate financial and social support for children in need via the child welfare services (Platt, 2006). However, social work agencies have not fully achieved the government agenda of alleviating poverty experience by many families and children due to inadequate resources at all levels of social work practice. The Department of Health have indicated that most families, struggle to bring up their children in conditions of material and emotional adversity (DoH, 2001). For instance black African families experiencing poverty may fail in their responsibility to provide proper care for their children as they spent almost all their time working to make ends meet. Such children hardly experience family treats such as going on a family holiday trip, having birthday parties and they are deprived of having basic playing toys and games that help children to learn and grow into adulthood. The lack of affordable basic needs for children of poor families complicated with other social adversities may contribute to poor children developing aggressive behaviours, low self-esteem, picking up awkward attitudes, and may to suffer from social deprivation. Fontes (2005) realises that many traditional immigrant families, where black Africans are part of, may use an authoritative style of parenting, demanding tot al obedience and respect from their children. Although these parental practices may not necessarily constitute child abuse, it clashes with the child-rearing norms of British culture, and seems to bring African children and families to the attention of the child protection system. When social workers start acknowledging borderline child abuse cases and understand the difficulties families living in poverty experience in raising their children, there would be a correct balance between when to employ a child protection intervention and a child welfare intervention (Spratt Callan, 2004). It is evident that children living in poverty may benefit from the child welfare services as stipulated in section 17 of the 1989 Children Act, as it aims at alleviating poverty in families and children in need (Platt, 2006). According to Thoburn et al (2007) investigations of alleged child abuse cases tend to focus more on risk assessment rather than assessment about developmental and social needs of the child in entity. In particular, social wor kers carrying out an investigation into alleged child abuse may not pick up parental and child upbringing issues resulting from poverty or social deprivation (Farmer and Owen, 2005). Brophy et al (2003) study concluded that many black African parents, saw state intervention in parenting as a complete anathema and distrust.., especially where they have immigrated from countries in political turmoil and with no child welfare services (Bernard Gupta, 2008 p.481). Arguably social work intervention in child maltreatment or abuse cases seems to contradict Section 17 of the Children Act, as recent research reveals high levels of satisfaction amongst parents and children receiving social welfare services compare to those families drawn into child protection (Tunstill and Aldgate, 2000). The relationship between social work mission with regard to poverty and the type of social work practice poses a dilemma for social workers. The refocusing initiative of social work practice, as defined by Platt (2006), in child abuse cases may benefit families living in extreme poverty, only when social work interventions aim at promoting social change in families. Thus, social welfare interventions promote and empower families with financial difficulties and who also suffer social exclusion to develop appropriate parental behaviours and skill that encourage proper child care (Monnickendam and Monnickendam, 2009). 2.3 Poverty and Parenting Practices Poverty among many black African families affects the physical and emotional developments of African children living anywhere in the world. Poverty may influence parents behaviours and capabilities to provide for their families the basic needs of life. Bernard Gupta (2008) study highlights the limited attention given to child-rearing practices of African families in child welfare research in the UK. Different child-rearing practices exist in different cultures, but there is just one kind of child-rearing practice that is considered normal. Many research findings point out to the fact that poverty- related parenting practices influence the lives of many African children involved in the child protection system. Thus, Child (1999) comments that when differences in child-rearing and ethnicity are explored the black family is often pathologized and their strengths ignored. For instance black African families are too strict and beat their children or tend to punish their children in a mor e punitive way. Therefore according to Chand (1999) discipline is one area where African families are found to be over-represented in the child protection system. It is important, that social workers redirect attention from child protection interventions to the provision of preventative to support families in need. Shor (2000) argue that the relationship between values and child upbringing patterns illuminates the relationship between poverty and parenting behaviours, as parents from low social class differ in terms of the values they uphold for their children. Shor (2000) also argue that there is correlation between black African mothers with low income status using a more authoritarian approach of caring for their children than mothers with high income status. Thus, according to Fontes (2005), many traditional immigrant families may use an authoritative style of parenting, demanding total obedience and respect from their children, although this parental behaviour may not necessari ly constitute child abuse, but may contravene the norms of the land, and bring such parents to the attention of the child protection system. It is therefore paramount for social work professionals working with black African families living in the UK to develop the requisite knowledge and skills, not only across diverse cultures but understanding the affect of poverty and social exclusion on parental behaviours and capabilities. Poverty tends to breed a kind of parenting practices that make children experience unpleasant devastating lifestyle because their parents hardly can afford to care for them. Even where it is evident that a child has suffered significant harm and the child need to be removed from the family, the style of intervention process deploy by the social work team should be such that it empowers the affected families to develop new coping skills and behaviours for future parenting. It is therefore paramount for social workers to have some knowledge and understand the d iversity of parenting practices that exist in contemporary social work practice so as to discern unacceptable behaviours from unacceptable behaviours. The consequences of misconstruing what behaviour is unacceptable may either draw more black African children and their families into the child protection system or undermine the commitment by social workers to safeguard vulnerable children from the risk of significant harm. 2.4 The Government Regulatory Policies In the early 1990s there was an enormous government effort to develop and promote policies which challenge the influence of a child protection culture on management and social work practice, which has been perceived as distorting the balance of service provision to children and families (Spratt and Callan, 2004). The refocusing initiative necessitated the shift in social work practice from what appeared to be an overly child protection perspective towards a child welfare orientation in the United Kingdom (Platt, 2006). According to Platt (2006) the advocacy for a shift in social work practice from an overly focus child protection work perspective towards a child welfare practice shows a gradual move towards poverty alleviation among poor families living in the UK. Both Parton(1995) and Pelton (1998) research supports the need to overcome pertinent obstacles in the manner social work is practice to achieve social change at family or community levels, and emphasised the failure of the child-care systems attempt to manage child protection risks and meet the needs of children and their families. However, the governments policy as stated in the 1989 Children Act aims to integrate child protection and child welfare services. According to Platt (2006) many children who are subjects of section 47 investigations are also eligible for services as children in need. To reinstate public trust, the government have redefined the primary duties of local authorities within the context of the 1989 Children Act so as to safeguard and provide services needed by poor children by conducting initial assessments, rather than child protection investigations in borderline cases. This policy implementation has become possible by procedural adjustments to other legislative guidance such as Working Together to Safeguard Children and the subsequent implementation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (Platt, 2006). The mid-1990s saw a growing consensus that many children who are subjects of Section 47 investigations due to alleged abuse or neglect are also eligible for services as children in need as in Section 17 of the 1989 Children Act (Platt, 2006). Often, Platt (2006) reckoned such children do not receive welfare services because local authority social work overly focuses on child protection rather than family support oriented services. In view of the refocusing initiative social workers have the legislative backing to approach families alleged of border-line child abuse to use the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families as guidance with a view to finding appropriate social work intervention practice that may address the needs of these children. In the UK the legislation on children welfare recommends all referrals of child abuse cases must initially be offered a comprehensive child in need assessment except in emergency cases or where it is suspected that a chi ld is suffering from significant harm (Platt, 2006). The Children Act (1989) is the main government legislation aiming to revolutionise social work practice and proceedings concerning the welfare of children in the UK. The Act considers the primary responsibility of child-rearing to rests with families and therefore, children interests will be served best by supporting them to grow up with their own family. Also the Children Act (1989) help harmonise family autonomy and to enable families to exercise their parental responsibilities without unnecessary state interference and for the state to support and protect children only where parents are failing to meet their children needs (www.dvon.gov.uk/child-protection-procedures accessed 09/01/2010). Under the Children Act 1989, local authorities have a general duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in need within their area. The legislation requires local authorities to assess a childs developmental needs so as to promote their welfare, and by doing so children are supported t o live with their families (www.dvon.gov.uk/child-protection-procedures accessed 09/01/2010). In the contrary Section 47 requires local authority to investigate when there is reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering, or is likely to suffer significant harm. The investigation will include an objective of the needs of the child, including the risk of abuse and need for protection, as well as the familys ability to meet those needs (www.devon.gov.uk/child-protection-procedures accessed 09/01/2010). Thus, social workers need to make judgements in child abuse cases on how to intervene so that children do not continue to leave in dangerous and risky situations or of removing children unnecessarily from their family. The dilemma of striking the right balance between child protection and child welfare services in child abuse cases is for social workers to base their judgement on pragmatic assessment of the needs of the children and the parental capability to cater for their children needs According to Spratt and Callan (2004) the Department of Health guidance documents Working Together to Safeguard Children and The Assessment Framework have been paralleled by initiatives to provide a steer on the direction of contemporary social work practice. CHAPTER THREE SOCIAL WORK PRACTICES In social work practice, it is important for social workers to base their work on theoretical assumptions, whether they are aware of them or not (Munro, 1998). This theoretical framework guides social workers in deciding who or what should be the primary focus of assessment or intervention and, as well as the objectives and the processes of social work practice (Healy, 2005). Many other writers like Fook et al (2000), who are of the view that social workers need to use theories in their work practice, also emphasized why social workers should develop the capacity to identify, use and develop social work theory in their practice (Healy, 2005). Social work has its roots in the struggle of society to deal with poverty and its consequential problems. Many researchers link social work practice to the ideology of charity work, but in a broader perspective social work embraces both the preventative and protective aspect of vulnerable people within society (www.globalvision.org Accessed on 1 4/12/2009). The term social work practice usually describes work undertaken with individuals, families, groups and communities. In the history of British social work practice, the term encompasses the use of social work knowledge and skills within the framework of social care organisation so as to enhance the provision of services and practice which is consistent with the BASW Codes of Practice. This concept of social work practice promotes protection, safeguarding and social inclusion and provides life opportunities for people using social work services. In the code of ethics, it is emphasise that for social work practice to be successful, social work agencies must work effectively with other affiliated organisations such as the police service, health service, and education service so as to promote children welfare (www.basw.co.uk/ accessed 01/02/2010). In the vast majority of instances social work practice is a collaborative activity not an individual activity whether as social worker employee or an independent social worker. Social work practice aims at changing peoples behaviours in the manner that will p rovide life options for people and to facilitate easy transitions of life situations (Smale et al, 2000). Social work is a demanding profession which is based on a body of values, knowledge, skills and personal attributes, and requires the commitment of social workers to continually upgrade their knowledge and skills in their field of practice. The International Federation of Social Workers states that: Social work bases its methodology on a systematic body of evidence-based knowledge derived from research and practice evaluation, including local and indigenous knowledge specific to its context. It recognizes the complexity of interactions between human beings and their environment, and the capacity of people both to be affected by and to alter the multiple influences upon them including bio-psychosocial factors. The social work profession draws on theories of human development and behaviour and social systems to analyse complex situations and to facilitate individual, organizational, social and cultural changes (www.ifsw.org accessed 14/01/2010 p.1). According Graham (1999) the history of African heritage in the development of social welfare and social work is found in the recesses of British history but it remains largely unacknowledged and sparsely documented as social work continues to be steeped in the professional milieu of an existing ethnocentric knowledge base and value system (p.263). Research evidence (Graham, 1999) shows that social work practice within the black African community in the UK has emerged out of concerns about the well-being of children and families whose experience of enslavement and servitude necessitated efforts to improve their life conditions. The Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work (CCETSW) recognises that the effects of racism on black African people are incompatible with the values of social work and therefore seeks to combat racist practices in all areas of its responsibilities (CCETSW, 1996). Dominelli (2002) advocates for anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory social work practice to delineate oppression and racism which breed some of the social problems that affect traditional social work target populations. Earlier research by Platt (1999) shows an increasing awareness among social workers that the traditional social work models are not effective in addressing the needs of African people in the UK. However, the current social work theory and practice which is founded on ethnocentric value systems, lack the necessary resources to address the needs of African families and their children. It is therefore pertinent for social work practice to be designed to reflect other diverse views and cultural values, particularly African families and their children who are more open to surveillance, as they also show high level of poverty. 3.1 Contemporary Social Work Practices It was not until the mid twentieth century when the International Federation of Social Workers, defined the core aim of social work to be alleviation poverty, liberating vulnerable and oppressed people with the ultimate aim to promote social inclusion (Horner, 2003). The Modernisation agenda introduced by the Labour government in 1997 set the foundation for the concept of collaboration and partnership to be established between professions and services. Following up to this, the concept of partnership and collaboration have become a working document for social work practice and underpin long term planning (Whittington, 2003). Crisp et al (2003) also found that when social workers engage with other inter-professional and multi-agency practice, it promotes prospect for common grounds with other professions, and the potential for professional differences to be recognised and negotiated. In contemporary social work practice, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) code of ethics emphasizes the importance for social workers to understand the centrality of relationships as an important vehicle for social change. Social workers are encouraged to engage service users as partners in helping them to attain the needed change. Most research shows that social work assessment and intervention are inherent features of contemporary practice in social work services. Social work assessment represents the entry of a systematic approach to establish a mutual relationship between a social worker and service users. Social work practice is characterised by the new balance in the relationship between the state and the family as social workers remain responsible for managing child protection risks and providing child welfare services within an integrated system. In Spratt and Callan (2004) study it is realised that the balance between safeguarding and promoting welfare services for children in need who are living with their families in the UK has not yet been achieved as set out in the government policy developments. Lord Lamings Report on the death of Victoria Climbie lead to the publication of the document, Every Child Matters, which set the priority for children not only to be protected from significant harm but to be safeguarded and their welfare promoted (Parton, 2006). A study paper published by the Department of Health (2001) indicates that many families regardless of their ethnicity and religion, struggle to bring up their children in conditions of poverty and social exclusions. Social exclusions and poverty make it extremely difficult for many African families to develop the appropriate parenting skills needed for proper child-rearing, and sometimes may overshadow child maltreatment. Pierce Bozalek (2004) suggest that many African families seeking asylum or migrated to the UK are unfamiliar with the British child protection system, as similar state systems do not exist in Africa, and therefore find the systems intimidating and unfriendly. Brophy et al (2003) argued that poverty among black African families may affect the development of many African children and their parents capacity to provide for them. It is therefore paramount that poverty is considered fully understand by social work professionals during the initial assessment of families i nvolved in alleged child abuse cases. Platt (1999) argued that the refocusing of social work intervention is a result of increasing number of child protection allegations referred into the system, and the proportion of cases leading to social work interventions. This type of intervention draws a large number of children into the child protection system compared to children who are subject to further welfare procedures. In the context of social work practices, it is important to consider the effectiveness of the child protection system, as it seems to achieve as much as could be expected in terms of the limited aim of preventing further abuse to identifiable vulnerable children. Social workers role may be considered as facilitating or empowering service users but, specialised skills and knowledge are needed to identify problems with families and their children involve in child protection and also to find sound interventions that would bring about the necessary social change. Crisp et al (2003) states that social work assessment involves collecting and analysing information about people with the aim of understanding their situation and determining recommendations for any further professional intervention (p.3). Monnickendam Monnikendam (2009) argue that the fundamental dilemma facing contemporary social work practice is the extent and manner to commit to social welfare policy or the extent to direct its efforts primarily to the poor and needy. Arguably social work practice that engage in social welfare policy tends to address poverty through macro-level intervention which aims at promoting social change, but social work practices aiming at individual families living in poverty result in poverty alleviation by assisting those in need to develop better lifestyle strategies. Thus, Monnickendam Monnikendam (2009) research shows that the aim of social work practice in attaining social change and dealing with poverty is hardly attainable only by micro practice. Henceforth the relationship between the mission of social work with regard to poverty and the type of social work intervention needed to protect and safeguard children from further abuse becomes a difficult challenge for social workers. .